用生理的方法促使大鲵产卵的研究

使用HCG、LRH-A、HCG LRH-A、RES LRH-A、DOM LRH-A等催产药物的五种不同组合形式,在26℃-27℃、21℃-23℃、16℃-19℃三种温度下催产大,结果表明：在21℃-23℃条件下,每千克雌注射DOM10mg LRH-A30μg催卵效果相对稳定。     

荧光假单胞菌感染大鲵的病理损伤

通过对感染荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescents)发病的大鲵(Andrias davidianus)主要器官进行病理剖解和病理组织学观察,以明确大鲵感染荧光假单胞菌引起的病理学损伤特点。结果表明,大鲵感染荧光假单胞菌后,主要表现为腹部极度膨胀、腹水和严重胃肠道反应,严重者可见将胃呕吐至口腔;组织器官具有典型的病理变化,其主要靶器官为肾、肝、肠道、皮肤和肌肉。分别引起坏死性肾小球肾炎、肝炎。此外,还可引起轻微肠炎及皮炎。可在肾小管管腔内、肝细胞坏死灶内、肠道固有层内及皮肤肌肉中发现数量极多的杆状细菌。     

湖南张家界大鲵栖息地大型无脊椎动物组成及其与环境因子的关系

2013年1月和2014年1月对湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区内5个大鲵栖息地河段进行了大型无脊椎动物采样调查.结果表明: 2次采样分别鉴定出大型无脊椎动物73和78个分类单元,隶属5门8纲16目,均以水生昆虫为优势类群,分别占总分类单元总数的90.4%和89.7%;2次采样大型无脊椎动物平均密度分别为1610.4和1671.4 ind·m^-2,平均生物量分别为11.22和12.34 g·m^-2. 2次调查各采样点大型无脊椎动物Shannon指数平均值分别为2.45和2.33,Margalef丰富度指数平均值分别为4.01和3.76,Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为0.72和0.69,表明大鲵栖息地河段生境质量有所下降.张家界大鲵栖息地河段大型无脊椎动物丰度-生物量曲线分析表明,骡子塔和芭茅溪采样点河段生境受到中等扰动,七眼泉为受干扰最轻微的河段.基于大型无脊椎动物密度的Bray-Curtis相似性系数的NMDS分析结果显示,在40%的相似度下,2013年各样点都可以较好地聚在一起,2014年各样点较为离散. 对各采样点在NMDS第一轴和第二轴上的得分与环境因子的Spearman相关性分析表明,河宽、铵态氮、海拔、化学需氧量和五日生化需要量与大型无脊椎动物显著相关.保护区内大鲵栖息地生境整体上仍相对良好,可以满足大鲵的生态需求,但保护区的某些区域人为破坏较重.建议采取严格的管理制度和科学的保护措施来遏制人为破坏,并逐步恢复大鲵栖息生境.     

Diet composition and selection of Père David's deer in Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,China

Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve is an ideal place to restore the wild population of Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus). Understanding foraging ecology and diet composition is essential for assessing population development or establishing long-term effective conservation measures for endangered species. However, little is known about the diet composition of Père David's deer and its diet selection mechanism. In this study, we used stable isotope technology to investigate the diet composition of Père David's deer according to various tissues (i.e., fur, muscle, liver, heart, and feces) and seasons, and evaluated the correlation between the nutrient composition of plants and diet composition. Bayesian isotope analysis showed that the autumn and winter diet estimated by fur and fecal samples indicated a diet dominated by C₃ grasses (42.7%–57.2%, mean), while the summer diet estimated by muscle and liver samples was dominated by C₃ forbs (30.9%–41.6%, mean). The Pearson correlation test indicated that the contribution of winter diet composition reflected by fur and fecal samples was associated with correlations with crude protein (r = .666, p < .01) and soluble sugars (r = .695, p < .01). The results indicated that crude protein and soluble sugars were important factors influencing the winter diet selection of Père David's deer. In the context of the current reintroduction facing many challenges, such as habitat fragmentation, wetland degradation, and human disturbance, comprehensively evaluating the diet selection mechanism of Père David's deer under different resource specificities and temporal changes should be considered in the future.     

大鲵MHCⅡB基因SNP位点筛选及与抗虹彩病毒性状关联分析

主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex, MHC)是位于脊椎动物染色体特定区域,编码主要组织相容性抗原的重要连锁基因群,具有调控细胞识别、激活免疫应答及调节特定病理反应等生理作用。其中,MHCⅡ类基因的多态性最高,是研究遗传、进化以及抗病育种标记的热点基因。然而,在大鲵虹彩病毒感染过程中MHC基因的表达和抗病机制尚不完全明确。本研究以1龄幼鲵作为研究对象,克隆得到MHCⅡB基因cDNA片段共1 010 bp,通过对比易感组和抗病组组织表达谱差异及候选基因序列结构特征,从而筛选抗病相关的SNP位点。结果显示,易感组中MHCⅡB基因在各组织中的m RNA表达量均显著高于抗病组,其中在皮肤组织中表达最高,为(55.715 2±0.01)。对比易感组和抗病组MHCⅡB基因序列信息,共筛选出6个候选SNP位点,占基因总碱基数的0.6%,包括4个转换位点和2个颠换位点。其中5’UTR区有1个,基因编码区有2个,3’UTR区有3个。位于基因编码区214 bp处的G/A颠换(G214A)为同义突变,而611 bp处的A/T转换(A611T)为错义突变,使抗病组该位点的苏氨酸突变为丝氨酸。蛋白质二级结构分析显示,突变后的二级结构中α螺旋增比最大,增幅近20%。本研究结果表明大鲵MHCⅡB基因参与机体虹彩病毒免疫应答过程,其多态性与抗病性状存在一定的关联性。     

Future climate change will severely reduce habitat suitability of the Critically Endangered Chinese giant salamander

1. Being the largest extant amphibian in the world, the IUCN Critically Endangered Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus is a charismatic species with great international public interest. While threats such as commercial overexploitation and habitat degradation have been extensively documented to affect natural populations of A. davidianus, still no information is available about the species sensitivity to climate change.
2. Here, we develop an ensemble of species distribution models (SDMs) for A. davidianus and projected its habitat suitability under present-day and future climate change scenarios. We based our SDMs on bioclimatic and topographic predictors, and recent (2012–2018) field-collected occurrence data across the whole distribution range of the species.
3. The ensemble SDMs exhibited good predictive capacity and suggested that slope, maximum temperature of warmest month, precipitation of driest month, and isothermality are the most influential predictors in determining distribution patterns in this species. The projections of our models point to a pronounced impact of climate changes over A. davidianus, with more than two-thirds of its suitable range expected to be lost in all scenarios of future climates tested.
4. In concert with the numerous other threats that are affecting this species, climate change poses a serious hindrance to the long-term survival of A. davidianus. We emphasise the urgent need of undertaking strict measures to manage this species and safeguard the few remaining available suitable habitats. We suggest that adaptive management strategies including designation of new reserves should be considered to mitigate the impacts of climate change on A. davidianus.